The errors of students in solving problems closely related stories difficulties experienced by students in solving story problems. Difficulties in resolving the matter of the story students, according to Ahmad Syafri in Rahardjo and Astuti (2011: 14) can be broadly classified as follows.
- Difficulty in understanding the issues (problems), the difficulty in determining what is known and what is being asked in the matter.
- Difficulties in the settlement plan, which is about the difficulty in translating the story into the model (phrase) mathematics.
- Difficulty in completing the plan, the difficulty in resolving models (phrase) mathematics.
- Difficulty in seeing (check) returns results that have been obtained.
- The difficulty in interpreting the answers to the situation of the problem contained in the matter.
Sudjono in Supin
(2001:8) describes some of the difficulties in solving the problem in terms of
a psychological story is:
- Students do not understand what is read, due to the lack of knowledge of some terms that do not know, whether from foreign languages or from traditional languages.
- Students are not able to live up to what is described in the matter, due to the events in question are not in accordance with the student experience.
- Students are not able to choose the mathematical concepts that are relevant to the demands of matter in developing a mathematical model.
- Students are not capable of computing (the math). In this case also means that the students already know conceptually counting regulations, but many can count finished insufficient servings specified time, or there are many wrong answers students because they lack accuracy.
Based on the difficulties of solving the
problem raised by the story and Soedjono Syafri Ahmad, the general errors that
may occur in solving story problems are (1) an error in determining the things
that are known to the matter, (2) difficulty in determining things
that are asked by the question, (3) errors in the mathematical model, (4)
errors in computing, and (5) errors in interpreting the results obtained.
According to Allan L.White (2005:17) errors in solving math problems include:
According to Allan L.White (2005:17) errors in solving math problems include:
a.
Reading
Errrors (R)
Errors will be classified as a
reading if students can not read key words or symbols written on the issue. This
discourages students perform the next procedure in the proper groove problem
solving.
b.
Comprehension
Errors (C)
Students have been able to
read all the words in question, but do not understand the whole meaning of the
words, so that students are not able to move further along the grooves solving
the right problem.
c.
Transformation
Errors (T)
Students have been able to
understand what the question is to be found but was unable to identify the
operation or sequence of operations, which are necessary to solve the problem.
d.
Process
Skills Errors (P)
Students recognize the
corresponding operation or sequence of operations but did not know the
procedures necessary to carry out operations accurately.
e.
Encoding
Errors (E)
Students correctly solve the
solution of a problem, but the solution cannot be expressed in the form of
proper notation.
From the description of the types of
errors completing a math problem above in relation to the type of errors in
solving math story problems. Types
of mistakes made by students in solving math story problems can be determined
based on step-by-step story about the settlement. Reading
and comprehension errors are misunderstanding about the story. In
the aspect of the student should be able to read the entire sentence and look
for important information when reading and understanding about the story. In
the aspect of mathematical modeling, students can perform transformation
errors, it is because students are not able to change the sentence into a
sentence about math. Process
skill errors are errors in the process of completing math story problems. In
this case, students make the mistake of computing the student made a mistake in
arithmetic operations or procedural errors. While
encoding errors is error infer that students cannot write about the conclusions
in the context of the question.
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